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Accreditation & Self Assessment
The Public Works Management Practices Manual can be purchased through the APWA Bookstore by clicking on either one of the links below.
The following is a list of the recommended practices that have been developed by APWA.
The numbers following each practice refer to the page number in the Manual.
Preamble xi
Introduction xi
History of the Public Works Management Practices Manual xi
Defining Recommended Management Practices xii
Validation of the Recommended Practice Statements xiii
How to Use this Manual xiii
Improving Public Works Operation and Management xiv
Introduction to Self Assessment xvii
Strategic Planning for Public Works Agencies xviii
A "How To" Guide xviii
Before Beginning xviii
Four Essential Ingredients xviii
The Directorıs Role xix
Become Familiar with the Public Works Management Practices Manual xx
Prepare a Proposal xxi
Select a Manager xxi
Individual or Team Management xxi
Full-Time vs. Part-Time xxi
Prepare an Operational Plan xxi
Time Frame xxi
Budget Preparation xxii
Items to Consider before Beginning xxii
Creation of Documents xxiii
Setting up Filing System xxiii
Other Files and Logs xxiii
Empower and Delegate xxiv
Training xxv
Monitoring and Reviewing Documentation xxv
Staff Orientation xxv
Documentation and Proof of Compliance xxvi
Levels of Compliance xxvi
Non-Applicable Practices xxvii
Waivers xxvii
Achieving Compliance xxvii
Keeping Track of Progress xxvii
Reviewing Documentation xxviii
Peer Review xxviii
Definitions xxix
Chapter 1 - Organization and Strategic Planning 1
1.1 Mission, Vision, and Value Statements 1
1.2 Description of Organization 1
1.3 Review Process 1
1.4 Policies, Practices, and Procedures 2
1.5 Code of Ethics 2
1.6 Strategic Plan 2
1.7 Relationship to Government-Wide Planning Process 3
Chapter 2 - Human Resource Management 4
2.1 Classification Plan 4
2.2 Position Description 4
2.3 Compensation Plan 4
2.4 Benefits Plan 5
2.5 Personnel Leave 5
2.6 Temporary Assignments 5
2.7 Personnel Rules 5
2.8 Career Development Practices and Procedures 5
2.9 Workplace Conduct 5
2.10 Licensed, Registered or Certified Employees 6
2.11 Operator Qualifications 6
2.12 Training Goals 6
2.13 Training Program 6
2.14 Training Personnel 6
2.15 Training Evaluation 7
2.16 Individual Training Report 7
2.17 Recruitment 7
2.18 Application Process 7
2.19 Hiring Process and Final Authority 7
2.20 Affirmative Action Plan 8
2.21 Diversity in the Workplace 8
2.22 Orientation Process 8
2.23 Performance Evaluation 8
2.24 Relationship of Performance and Compensation 8
2.25 Promotion and Demotion 8
2.26 Termination and Resignation 9
2.27 Grievance Procedures 9
2.28 Disciplinary Procedures 9
2.29 Employee Assistance Programs 9
2.30 Internal Communication 10
2.31 Supervisory Training 10
2.32 Employee Recognition 10
2.33 Customer Service Orientation 10
2.34 Personnel Files 10
2.35 Personnel File Access 11
2.36 Personnel File Contents 11
2.37 Collective Bargaining 11
2.38 Collective Bargaining Procedures 11
2.39 Contract Distribution 11
Chapter 3 - Occupied Facilities 13
3.1 Facility Security 13
3.2 Risk Assessment 13
3.3 Environmental Controls 13
3.4 Accessibility to Facilities 13
3.5 Condition Assessment of Facilities 14
3.6 Neighborhood Relations 14
3.7 Material Storage 14
3.8 All Weather Storage 14
3.9 Meeting and Training Spaces 15
3.10 Employee Spaces 15
3.11 Ergonomics 15
3.12 Electronic Information and Computer Access 15
3.13 Required Legal Notices and Postings 15
3.14 Facility Availability During Emergencies 16
3.15 Building and Fire-Life-Safety Code Compliance 16
3.16 Testing Alarms 16
Chapter 4 - Finance 17
4.1 Control 17
4.2 Preparation/Presentation 17
4.3 Budget Process 17
4.4 Variance Analysis 17
4.5 Cost of Service 17
4.6 Rate Setting 18
4.7 Forecasting 18
4.8 Financing of Capital Planning and Improvement Program 18
4.9 Establishing Selection Criteria 18
4.10 Impact Fees 18
4.11 Purchasing 19
4.12 Operating Inventory 19
4.13 Contracts 19
4.14 Alternative Service Delivery Methods 19
4.15 Use of Recycled or Reclaimed Products 19
4.16 Capital and Infrastructure Asset Reporting 20
4.17 Annual or Monthly Reports 20
4.18 Property Records 20
4.19 Right-of-Way Acquisitions and Dispositions 20
Chapter 5 - Risk Management and Legal Review 21
5.1 Claims 21
5.2 Worker Compensation Claims 21
5.3 Accident and Injury Reporting Claims 21
5.4 Legal Review 21
5.5 Depositions 22
5.6 Legal Records 22
5.7 Ordinance and Regulations Enforcements 22
5.8 Legal Review of Regulations 22
Chapter 6 - Communications 23
6.1 Communication with Governing Boards 23
6.2 Communication with the Public 23
6.3 Media Relations 23
6.4 Media Contact 23
6.5 Public Participation 24
6.6 Service Requests 24
6.7 Intra- and Inter-agency Coordination 24
6.8 Communication with Staff 24
6.9 Access to Records 25
6.10 Twenty-Four Hour Emergency Access 25
6.11 Resources 25
6.12 Emergency Notification 25
6.13 Misdirected Emergency Calls 25
6.14 Service Area Maps 26
Chapter 7 - Information Technology and Telecommunications 27
7.1 Records and Data Management and Control 27
7.2 Geographic Information Management 27
7.3 User Needs 27
7.4 Data Security 28
7.5 Software Documentation and Licensing 28
7.6 Hardware and Software Acquisition 28
7.7 User Responsibilities 28
7.8 Hardware and Software Maintenance 28
7.9 User Training 29
7.10 Communication System Functions 29
7.11 System Operation and Maintenance 29
7.12 Regulations Compliance 29
7.13 Emergency Communications 29
Chapter 8 - Emergency Management 30
8.1 Comprehensive Multi-Hazard Emergency Plan 30
8.2 Agency Emergency Operations Manual 30
8.3 Use of Private Resources 30
8.4 Emergency Exercises 30
8.5 Emergency Procedures and Operations Training 30
8.6 Emergency Services Coordination 31
8.7 Emergency Equipment Testing and Storage 31
8.8 Mutual Aid Arrangements 31
8.9 Supplies, Equipment and Contractual Service Listings 31
8.10 Emergency Personnel Policies and Procedures 31
8.11 Emergency Contact Information 32
8.12 Specialized and Supplemental Resources 32
8.13 Emergency Facilities Location 32
8.14 Natural and Manmade Hazards 32
8.15 Hazards Mitigation through Planning 32
8.16 Restoration of Community Lifeline and Other Facilities and
Public Services 33
8.17 Cost Documentation 33
Chapter 9 - Safety 34
9.1 Safety Responsibility 34
9.2 Safety Manual 34
9.3 Safety Measures and Reports 34
9.4 Safety Awards 34
9.5 Hazardous Materials 35
9.6 Excavations and Confined Spaces 35
9.7 Work Zone Safety 35
9.8 Safety Training 35
9.9 Lock-out/Tag-out 35
9.10 Personal Protective Equipment 35
Chapter 10 - Planning and Development 36
10.1 Land Use Planning 36
10.2 Current Planning or Zoning Control 36
10.3 Subdivision Regulations 36
10.4 Plan Review 37
10.5 Infrastructure Maintenance, Improvement or Replacement 37
10.6 Feasibility Studies 37
10.7 Design Practices 37
10.8 Project Management 37
10.9 Maintenance and Operations Consideration 37
10.10 Planning Coordination 38
10.11 Planning Procedures 38
10.12 Capital Improvement Programming 38
10.13 Infrastructure Asset Management Inventory 38
10.14 Infrastructure Maintenance Management 39
Chapter 11 - Engineering Design 40
11.1 Responsible Charge 40
11.2 Design Coordination 40
11.3 Qualified Personnel 40
11.4 Design Criteria and Standards 41
11.5 Project Scoping 41
11.6 Design Process and Schedule 41
11.7 Site Surveying 41
11.8 Preliminary Design 41
11.9 Preliminary Design Review and Approval 42
11.10 Final Design 42
11.11 Quality Assurance Plan 42
11.12 Standard Designs 42
11.13 Standard Plans 43
11.14 Standard Construction Specifications 43
11.15 Traffic Provisions 43
11.16 Final Plan Review 43
11.17 Contract Documents 43
11.18 Maps 44
11.19 Map Scale 44
Chapter 12 - Bid Process 45
12.1 Bid Advertisement 45
12.2 Pre-Proposal or Pre-Bid Meeting 45
12.3 Contractor Qualifications 45
12.4 Bid Opening 45
12.5 Bid Evaluation 46
12.6 Bid Award/Rejection 46
Chapter 13 - Project Management 47
13.1 Project Manager Authority 47
13.2 Project Monitoring 47
13.3 Preconstruction Conferences 47
13.4 Notice to Proceed 47
13.5 Mobilization 47
13.6 Work Zone Management 48
13.7 Inspection 48
13.8 Materials Testing 48
13.9 Measurement and Payment 48
13.10 Change Orders 49
13.11 Acceptance and Final Payment 49
13.12 Guaranteed Work and Warranty Period 49
13.13 Record Drawings 49
13.14 Conflict Resolution 49
Chapter 14 - Right-of-Way Management 50
14.1 Permit Issuance 50
14.2 Permitting Responsibility 50
14.3 Codes and Permits Information 50
14.4 Permit Process 50
14.5 Permit Inspection 50
14.6 One-Call Center Coordination 51
14.7 Utility Marking Guidelines and Color Code 51
14.8 Pavement Cut Restoration 51
Chapter 15 - Utility Coordination 52
15.1 Utility Coordination 52
15.2 Utility Location 52
15.3 Underground Lines 52
15.4 Long-Range Utility Planning 53
15.5 Utility Maps and Records 53
15.6 Excavation Clearance Requirements 53
15.7 Excavation Safety Procedures 53
15.8 One Call Centers 54
15.9 Uniform Color Code 54
Chapter 16 - Facilities Management 55
16.1 Regulations 55
16.2 Plan Reviews 55
16.3 Inventory 55
16.4 Condition Assessment 55
16.5 Component Replacement 56
16.6 Request for Maintenance 56
16.7 Repair and Maintenance Quality 56
16.8 Preventative Maintenance 56
16.9 Preventive Maintenance Schedule 56
16.10 Emergency Repair Program 57
16.11 Emergency Repairs 57
16.12 Energy Consumption Report 57
16.13 Testing Alarms 57
16.14 Custodial Methods 57
16.15 Custodial Inspection 58
16.16 Supply Inventories 58
16.17 Life and Safety Systems 58
16.18 Security 58
Chapter 17 - Equipment and Fleet Management 59
17.1 Technician Qualifications 59
17.2 Authority for Repair and Maintenance 59
17.3 Operator Inspection 59
17.4 Equipment Utilization Improvements Review 59
17.5 Repair Program Evaluation 60
17.6 Replacement Policy 60
17.7 Replacement Analysis 60
17.8 Equipment Specifications 60
17.9 Specification/Bid Reviews 60
17.10 Storage Tanks 61
17.11 Equipment Manufacturer Warranty 61
17.12 Parts Warranty Tracking 61
17.13 Preventive Maintenance Evaluation 61
17.14 Tools, Portable and Stationary Equipment Inventory 61
17.15 Fleet Vehicle Inventory 62
17.16 Fuels and Liquids Inventory 62
17.17 Parts Inventory 62
17.18 Parts and Materials Disposal 62
17.19 Equipment Identification 62
17.20 Safety and Condition Inspection and Records 62
17.21 Condition Monitoring 63
17.22 Defect Reports 63
17.23 Condition Inspection 63
17.24 Preventive Maintenance Program 63
17.25 Preventive Maintenance Schedule 63
17.26 Emergency Repairs 63
17.27 Preventive Maintenance and Repair Priorities 64
Chapter 18 - Parks, Grounds and Forestry 65
18.1 Landscape Management 65
18.2 Tree Inventory 65
18.3 Regulations 65
18.4 Master Street Plan 66
18.5 Planting and Pruning Program 66
18.6 Transplants 66
18.7 Disease and Insect Control in Trees 66
18.8 Removal of Deceased and Hazardous Trees 67
18.9 Tree Removal 67
18.10 Turf Maintenance 67
18.11 Mowing 67
18.12 Turf Inventory 67
18.13 Turf Inspection 67
18.14 Fertilization 68
18.15 Disease, Insect and Weed Control in Turf 68
18.16 Irrigation System Design 68
18.17 Irrigation System Maintenance 68
18.18 Fences 68
18.19 Controlled Burns 69
18.20 Playgrounds 69
18.21 Recreation Amenities 69
Chapter 19 - Solid Waste Management 70
19.1 Solid Waste Plan 70
19.2 Source Reduction 70
19.3 Control of Generated Wastes 70
19.4 Environmental Compliance 71
19.5 Household Hazardous Wastes 71
Chapter 20 - Solid Waste Collection 72
20.1 Level of Service 72
20.2 Storage Receptacles 72
20.3 Collection Days and Set-Out Time 72
20.4 Routing 72
20.5 Transfer Stations 73
20.6 Transfer Station Design 73
20.7 Transfer Station Operations 73
Chapter 21 - Solid Waste Recycling and Reuse 74
21.1 Recycling 74
21.2 Recycling Service Level 74
21.3 Source Separation 74
21.4 Recycling Collection 74
21.5 Processing 75
21.6 Recycling Program Review 75
21.7 Composting Program 75
21.8 Compost Service Level 76
21.9 Compost Material Supply 76
21.10 Compost Market Development 76
21.11 Compost Collection 76
21.12 Compost Program Review 76
21.13 Resource Recovery Material Supply 76
21.14 Resource Recovery Operations 77
21.15 Resource Recovery Monitoring 77
21.16 Ash Disposal 77
Chapter 22 - Solid Waste Disposal 78
22.1 Landfill Design 78
22.2 Impervious Liners 78
22.3 Environmental Monitoring 78
22.4 Methane Recovery and Venting 79
22.5 Landfill Operations Plan 79
22.6 Incoming Wastes 79
22.7 Drainage Control 79
22.8 Leachate Control 79
22.9 Compaction 80
22.10 Cover Material 80
22.11 Cover Systems 80
22.12 Inspections 80
22.13 Litter Control 80
22.14 Vector Control 80
22.15 Landfill Landscaping 81
22.16 Aesthetics 81
22.17 Odor 81
22.18 Landfill Closure 81
22.19 Post-Closure Monitoring 81
22.20 Financial Assurance 81
22.21 Land Application 82
22.22 Construction and Demolition Waste 82
22.23 Greenwaste 82
Chapter 23 - Street Maintenance 83
23.1 Coordination with Transportation Planning 83
23.2 Street and Highway Facility Inventory 83
23.3 Infrastructure Condition 83
23.4 Pavement Management System 83
23.5 Preventive Maintenance 84
23.6 Operations and Maintenance Responsibility 84
23.7 Operations and Maintenance Coordination 84
23.8 Operations and Maintenance Procedures and Standards 84
23.9 Operations and Maintenance Inspection 84
23.10 Work Crew Records 85
23.11 Material Conservation 85
23.12 Pavement Cut Restoration 85
23.13 Guardrails and Impact Attenuators 85
23.14 Catch Basins and Inlets 85
23.15 Curbs, Gutters and Sidewalks 85
Chapter 24 - Street Cleaning 86
24.1 Planning 86
24.2 Environmental Compliance 86
24.3 Debris, Leaf, and Litter Collection 86
24.4 Routing 87
24.5 Scheduling 87
24.6 Litter Control 87
24.7 Storage Receptacles 87
25.9 Dead Animal Pickup 87
Chapter 25 - Snow Removal and Ice Control 88
25.1 Snow and Ice Control Plan 88
25.2 Storm Warning Notification 88
25.3 Personnel Scheduling 88
25.4 Mobilization 88
25.5 Snow and Ice Control Materials 88
25.6 Equipment Preparation 89
25.7 Equipment Calibration 89
25.8 Snow Route Assignment 89
25.9 Loading Procedures 89
25.10 Spreading and Plowing Procedures 89
25.11 Snow Storage 89
25.12 Snow Operation Damages 90
25.13 Parking Limitations 90
Chapter 26 - Storm Water and Flood Management 91
26.1 Storm Water and Flood Management Service Levels 91
26.2 Operation Plan 91
26.3 Floodplain and Floodway Management 91
26.4 Water Quality Goals 91
26.5 System In-Flow of Polluted Runoff 92
26.6 Allowable Non-Storm Water Discharge into System 92
26.7 Watershed Storm Water Drainage Master Plan 92
26.8 Infrastructure Inventory 92
26.9 Infrastructure Condition 92
26.10 Storm Water Design 93
26.11 Storm Water System Improvement 93
26.12 Sediment and Erosion Control 93
26.13 Storm Water Flood Warning System Alarms 93
26.14 Ordinance and Bylaw Inspection 93
26.15 Conveyance, Storage and BMP Operations 94
26.16 Private Owner Operations and Maintenance 94
26.17 Private Facility Inspection 94
26.18 Pollution Mitigation 94
26.20 Public Education 94
Chapter 27 - Vector Control
27.1 Population Identification 95
27.2 Management Service Levels 95
27.3 Public Education 95
27.4 Chemical Control 95
27.5 Physical Control 95
27.6 Disease Surveillance 96
27.7 Licensing and Permitting 96
Chapter 28 - Potable Water 97
28.1 Potable Water Source and Use 97
28.2 Water Quality or Quantity Changes 97
28.3 Infrastructure Location 97
28.4 Infrastructure Condition 97
28.5 Infrastructure Management 97
28.6 Potable Water Treatment 98
28.7 Energy Consumption Reports 98
28.8 Fire-Flow Requirements 98
28.9 Operation and Use of Water Resources 98
28.10 Potable Water Source Protection 98
28.11 Vulnerability Assessment 98
28.12 Water Distribution System Operations and Maintenance 98
28.13 Cross-Connection Control 99
28.14 Inspection Schedule 99
28.15 Meter Reading 99
28.16 Pumping Operation 99
28.17 Disinfection Procedures 99
28.18 Public Notifications Procedures 99
28.19 Sampling and Testing 99
28.20 Public Education Program 100
28.21 Long-Range Water Resource Plan 100
28.22 Incentives for Water Conservation 100
28.23 Testing Alarms 100
Chapter 29 - Wastewater Collection and Conveyance 101
29.1 Collection and Conveyance Management Plan 101
29.2 Operations Manual 101
29.3 Records 101
29.4 Infrastructure Inventory 101
29.5 Infrastructure Condition 101
29.6 Infrastructure Management 101
29.7 Facility Management and Inspection 102
29.8 Inflow and Infiltration 102
29.9 Illicit Discharges 102
29.10 Industrial Pre-Treatment 102
29.11 Energy Consumption Reports 102
29.12 Sanitary Sewer Overflows 102
29.13 Testing Alarms 103
29.14 Safety 103
29.15 Long-Range System Planning 103
29.16 Capacity 103
Chapter 30 - Wastewater Treatment and Disposal 104
30.1 Wastewater Treatment Requirements 104
30.2 Operations Manual 104
30.3 Records 104
30.4 Infrastructure Condition 104
30.5 Infrastructure Management 104
30.6 Treatment and Disposal Facility Maintenance, Repair, and Operations 104
30.7 Illicit Discharges 105
30.8 Industrial Pre-Treatment Program 105
30.9 Peak Flows 105
30.10 Residuals Management 105
30.11 Safety 105
30.12 Long-Range System Planning 105
30.13 Vulnerability Assessment 106
Chapter 31 - Traffic Operations 107
31.1 Traffic Policy and Procedures Manual 107
31.2 Traffic Control Devices 107
31.3 Traffic Control Device Installation 107
31.4 Petitioning for Installation of Traffic Control Devices 107
31.5 Traffic Signs 108
31.6 Statuary Speed Limits on Roadways 108
31.7 Sign Installation Policy 108
31.8 Advisory Speed Limit Signs 108
31.9 Street Name Signs 108
31.10 Sign Visibility 108
30.11 School Pedestrian Crossings 109
30.12 School Zone Speed Limit Signs 109
30.13 Special Signs 109
30.14 Alley Stop Signs 109
30.15 Yield Signs 109
31.16 Railroad Crossing Signs and Markings 109
31.17 Pavement Markings 110
31.18 Pedestrian Crosswalk Pavement Marking 110
31.19 Stop Line Pavement Markings 110
31.20 Installation of New Signals 110
31.21 Temporary Stop Signs for Signal Outage 110
31.22 Truck Routes 110
31.23 Bike Paths 111
31.24 Bus Stops 111
31.25 Temporary Street Closings 111
31.26 One-Way Streets 111
31.27 Traffic Calming 111
31.28 Streetlights 111
31.29 Roadside Memorials 112
Chapter 32 - Parking 113
32.1 Parking Facility Planning 113
32.2 Parking Facility/Designs 113
32.3 Parking Facility Maintenance 113
32.4 Parking Facility Operations 113
32.5 Parking Meters and Tolls 113
32.6 On-Street Parking Meters 114
32.7 Parking Regulation 114
32.8 Angle Parking 114
32.9 Parking Near Intersections 114
32.10 Residential Handicapped Parking Zones 114
Chapter 33 - Cemeteries 115
33.1 Interment, Inurnment and Scattering 115
33.2 Disinterment and Disinurnment 115
33.3 Mapping Blocks 115
33.4 Lot Numbering 115
33.5 Section Development 115
33.6 Section Renovation 115
33.7 Fiscal Management 116
33.8 Roadway Maintenance 116
33.9 Security 116
33.10 Memorial Foundation Installation 116
33.11 Grounds Equipment Inventory Maintenance 116
33.12 Building Maintenance 116
33.13 Memorial Day Special Services 116
33.14 Marketing and Pre-Need Sales 117
Chapter 34 - Airports 118
34.1 Legal Authority 118
34.2 Planning and Development 118
34.3 Property Management 118
34.4 Finance 118
34.5 Grant Administration 118
34.6 Maintenance 118
34.7 Environmental 119
34.8 Marketing 119
34.9 Regulations 119
34.10 Operations and Maintenance 119
34.11 Security 119
Chapter 35 - Transit Operations 120
35.1 Legal Authority 120
35.2 Matching Funds 120
35.3 Grant Administration 120
35.4 Satisfactory Continuing Control 120
35.5 Maintenance 120
35.6 Procurement 121
35.7 Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) 121
35.8 Buy America 121
35.9 Advocacy & Lobbying 121
35.10 Project Planning 121
35.11 Equal Opportunity 122
35.12 Public Comment 122
35.13 Fare Structure for Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 122
35.14 Americans with Disabilities Act Compliance 122
35.15 Use of Grand Funds for Charter Bus Service 122
35.16 Use of Grant Funds for School Bus Service 122
35.17 Special Financial Records 122
35.18 Safety and Security 123
35.19 Drug-Free Workplace 123
35.20 Drug and Alcohol Program 123
35.21 Bus Passenger Benches 123
35.22 Bus Passenger Shelters 123
35.23 Schedules 123
35.24 Dispatching 123
35.25 Operator Licensing and Training 124
Appendix 125
Notes 126
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The Public Works Management Practices Manual can be purchased through the APWA Bookstore by clicking on either one of the links below.
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Grants/Cooperative Agreements
Grants/Cooperative Agreements